Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks ... Wikipedia

• Intel® Edison Boards Bluetooth® User Guide

• Setting Up a New Intel Edison Set Up Bluetooth

• Turn your Intel Edison into an iBeacon

• Sparkfun Bluetooth Profiles

Opkg Packages

blink-led-dbg_0.1-r0_core2-32.ipk
blink-led-dev_0.1-r0_core2-32.ipk
blink-led_0.1-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluetooth-rfkill-event-dbg_1.0-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluetooth-rfkill-event-dev_1.0-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluetooth-rfkill-event_1.0-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluez5-dbg_5.37-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluez5-dev_5.37-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluez5-doc_5.37-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluez5-obex_5.37-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluez5-testtools_5.37-r0_core2-32.ipk
bluez5_5.37-r0_core2-32.ipk

root@edison:~/bluez-alsa/build# opkg list | grep blue
bluetooth-rfkill-event - 1.0-r0 - bluetooth-rfkill-event version 1.0-r0  Bluetooth rfkill event daemon for
bluetooth-rfkill-event-dbg - 1.0-r0 - bluetooth-rfkill-event version 1.0-r0 - Debugging files  Bluetooth rfkill
bluetooth-rfkill-event-dev - 1.0-r0 - bluetooth-rfkill-event version 1.0-r0 - Development files  Bluetooth
bluez5 - 5.37-r0 - Linux Bluetooth Stack Userland V5  Linux Bluetooth stack V5 userland
bluez5-dbg - 5.37-r0 - Linux Bluetooth Stack Userland V5 - Debugging files  Linux Bluetooth
bluez5-dev - 5.37-r0 - Linux Bluetooth Stack Userland V5 - Development files  Linux Bluetooth
bluez5-doc - 5.37-r0 - Linux Bluetooth Stack Userland V5 - Documentation files  Linux Bluetooth
bluez5-obex - 5.37-r0 - Linux Bluetooth Stack Userland V5  Linux Bluetooth stack V5 userland
bluez5-testtools - 5.37-r0 - Linux Bluetooth Stack Userland V5  Linux Bluetooth stack V5 userland
kernel-module-bcm-bt-lpm - 1.0-r2 - bcm-bt-lpm kernel module  bcm-bt-lpm kernel module; bcm43xx_bluetooth
libasound-module-bluez - 5.37-r0 - Linux Bluetooth Stack Userland V5  Linux Bluetooth stack V5 userland
pulseaudio-lib-bluez5-util - 6.0-r0 - PulseAudio library for bluez5-util  PulseAudio library for bluez5-util
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth-discover - 6.0-r0 - PulseAudio module for bluetooth-discover  PulseAudio module for
 bluetooth-discover
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth-policy - 6.0-r0 - PulseAudio module for bluetooth-policy  PulseAudio module for bluetooth-
pulseaudio-module-bluez5-device - 6.0-r0 - PulseAudio module for bluez5-device  PulseAudio module for bluez5-device
pulseaudio-module-bluez5-discover - 6.0-r0 - PulseAudio module for bluez5-discover  PulseAudio module for
 bluez5-discover
webmin-theme-blue-theme - 1.700-r0 - Webmin theme for blue-theme  Webmin theme for blue-theme

Kernel Integration

BlueZ. Official Linux Bluetooth Protocol Stack

Bluetooth tools and daemons. This package contains tools and system daemons for using Bluetooth devices. BlueZ is the official Linux Bluetooth protocol stack. It is an Open Source project distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL). Bluez Homepage

• BlueZ’ GIT Repository

Bluetooth Kernel Subsystem

• bluetooth.git

• bluetooth-next.git

Bluez Tools

• hciconfig - HCI device configuration utility

• hciattach - HCI UART driver initialization utility

• l2ping - L2CAP ping

• hcidump - HCI packet analyzer

• hcitool - Generic writing and monitoring to the HCI interface

• bluetooth-agent

• bluetoothctl

Kernel Display Message

Bluetooth Built-In Controller

    root@edison:~# dmesg | grep -i blue
    [    0.235619] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16
    [    0.235722] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
    [    0.235752] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
    [    0.235778] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
    [    0.235876] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
    [    0.922994] Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.2
    [    0.923015] Bluetooth: HCI H4 protocol initialized
    [    1.588016] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
    [    1.588081] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
    [    1.588100] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
    [    1.588116] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
    [    1.588130] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
    [    1.588160] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
    [    1.588175] Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2
    [    1.588202] Bluetooth: HIDP socket layer initialized

Bluetooth USB Dongle

root@edison:~# dmesg
...
[   85.022971] usb 1-1: new full-speed USB device number 2 using dwc3-host      
[   85.085188] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0a12, idProduct=0001     
[   85.085218] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[   85.085240] usb 1-1: Product: Bluetooth V2.0 Dongle                          
[   85.085259] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: Bluetooth v2.0   
```sh

### Kernel Modules

```sh
    root@edison:~# lsmod
    Module                  Size  Used by
    usb_f_acm              14335  1 
    ...
    bcm_bt_lpm             13708  0 
    bcm4334x              587105  0

Applications / Libraries

ConnMan

Daemon for managing Internet connections within embedded device and integrates a vast range of communication features usually split between many daemons such as DHCP, DNS and NTP. The result of this consolidation is low memory consumption with a fast, coherent, synchronized reaction to changing network conditions. ConnMan Homepage

RFKill

A small userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill switches, buttons and subsystem interfaces. Some devices come with a hard switch that lets you kill different types of RF radios: 802.11 / Bluetooth / NFC / UWB / WAN / WIMAX / FM. Some times these buttons may kill more than one RF type. The Linux kernel rfkill subsystem exposes these hardware buttons and lets userspace query its status and set its status through a /dev/rfkill. Given that at times some RF devices do not have hardware rfkill buttons rfkill the Linux kernel also exposes software rfkill capabilities that allows userspace to mimic a hardware rfkill event and turn on or off RF. Rfkill Homepage

Python interface to Bluetooth LE on Linux Github

    root@edison:~# rfkill list 
    0: phy0: wlan
            Soft blocked: no
            Hard blocked: no
    1: brcmfmac-wifi: wlan
            Soft blocked: no
            Hard blocked: no
    2: bcm43xx Bluetooth: bluetooth
            Soft blocked: yes
            Hard blocked: no

Setup

Opkg

    root@edison:~# opkg install bluez5-dev

Pip

    root@edison:~# pip install pyserial pybluez

Apt-Get

    root@edison:~# apt-get install bluetooth pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pavucontrol bluez-firmware
    root@edison:~# /etc/init.d/bluetooth start

Programs

    root@edison:~# systemctl status bluetooth.service
    root@edison:~# systemctl stop bluetooth
    root@edison:~# systemctl start bluetooth
    root@edison:~# systemctl enable bluetooth
    root@edison:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth
    root@edison:~# rfkill list bluetooth
    2: bcm43xx Bluetooth: bluetooth
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no
    4: hci0: bluetooth
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no
    root@edison:~# hciconfig hci0 down
    root@edison:~# hciconfig hci0 up
    root@edison:~# hciconfig hci0 status
    hci0:   Type: BR/EDR  Bus: UART
        BD Address: 98:4F:EE:03:39:02  ACL MTU: 1021:8  SCO MTU: 64:1
        UP RUNNING PSCAN 
    ...
    root@edison:~# hciconfig hci0 piscan
    ...
    root@edison:~# hcitool scan

Python

    root@edison:~# git clone https://github.com/karulis/pybluez
    Cloning into 'pybluez'...
    remote: Counting objects: 1082, done.
    remote: Compressing objects: 100% (19/19), done.
    remote: Total 1082 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 1061
    Receiving objects: 100% (1082/1082), 415.85 KiB | 407.00 KiB/s, done.
    Resolving deltas: 100% (658/658), done.
    Checking connectivity... done.
    root@edison:~# cd pybluez/examples
    root@edison:~/pybluez/examples# ls
    advanced   ble        bluezchat  simple

Npm

Install "Locate Beacon" Android App

    root@edison:~# opkg update
    root@edison:~# opkg install bluez5-dev
    root@edison:~# npm install -g async
    root@edison:~# npm install noble
    root@edison:~# npm install bleno
    root@edison:~# node node_modules/bleno/test-ibeacon.js
    bleno - iBeacon
    on -> stateChange: poweredOn
    on -> advertisingStart

Usage Models

Device Pairing

    root@edison:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth
    root@edison:~# bluetoothctl
    [bluetooth]# scan on
    [bluetooth]# scan off
    [bluetooth]# pair 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2
    [bluetooth]# connect 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2
    [bluetooth]# paired-devices
    [bluetooth]# info 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2
    [bluetooth]# exit
    root@edison:~# rfcomm bind - 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 1
    root@edison:~# ls /dev/rfcomm0

Text

    root@edison:~# systemctl status bluetooth.service
    root@edison:~# systemctl start bluetooth
    root@edison:~# systemctl enable bluetooth
    root@edison:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth
    root@edison:~# rfkill list bluetooth
    root@edison:~# hciconfig hci0 status
    Make Your Device Discoverable
    root@edison:~# hcitool scan
    root@edison:~# rfcomm bind 0 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2

SPP

root@edison:~# systemctl enable bluetooth
root@edison:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth

root@edison:~# vi /etc/dbus-1/system.d/bluetooth.conf

  <policy context="default">
    ...
    <allow send_interface="org.bluez.Profile1"/>
    ...
  </policy>

root@edison:~# bluetoothctl
[NEW] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C MyEdison [default]
[NEW] Device 98:4F:EE:06:1B:99 edison
[bluetooth]# show
Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C
        Name: edison
        Alias: MyEdison
        Class: 0x6c0110
        Powered: yes
        Discoverable: no
        Pairable: yes
        UUID: Generic Attribute Profile (00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: A/V Remote Control        (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: SIM Access                (0000112d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Generic Access Profile    (00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: PnP Information           (00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Audio Source              (0000110a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Handsfree                 (0000111e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Audio Sink                (0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        Modalias: usb:v1D6Bp0246d0525
        Discovering: no
[bluetooth]#

root@edison:~# wget https://downloadmirror.intel.com/24909/eng/SPP-loopback.py

root@edison:~# python SPP-loopback.py -C 22 &
[3] 462

root@edison:~# bluetoothctl
[NEW] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C MyEdison [default]
[NEW] Device 98:4F:EE:06:1B:99 edison
[bluetooth]# show
Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C
        Name: edison
        Alias: MyEdison
        Class: 0x6c0110
        Powered: yes
        Discoverable: no
        Pairable: yes
        UUID: Generic Attribute Profile (00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: A/V Remote Control        (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: SIM Access                (0000112d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Generic Access Profile    (00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: PnP Information           (00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Audio Source              (0000110a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Handsfree                 (0000111e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Audio Sink                (0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        UUID: Serial Port               (00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
        Modalias: usb:v1D6Bp0246d0525
        Discovering: no
[bluetooth]#

[bluetooth]# exit
[DEL] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C MyEdison [default]
root@edison:~# bluetoothctl
[NEW] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C MyEdison [default]
[NEW] Device 5B:78:E1:26:DF:12 5B-78-E1-26-DF-12
[NEW] Device E4:56:CA:13:F1:5F Kontakt
[NEW] Device 46:1F:08:C5:D9:DD 46-1F-08-C5-D9-DD
[NEW] Device BC:85:56:1D:DD:BA PCJESU
[NEW] Device 20:C3:8F:88:49:99 RECAM53SJX07788
[NEW] Device 94:65:9C:1B:FC:AA DESKTOP-NFCK84P
[NEW] Device 54:27:1E:18:86:32 Bluetooth USB Host Controller
[NEW] Device C0:D9:62:06:AA:F6 Bluetooth USB Host Controller
[NEW] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 XT1008
[NEW] Device 20:C9:D0:7E:C1:D8 MacBook Pro de Carlos
[NEW] Device 4A:C6:4B:F5:E9:FD 4A-C6-4B-F5-E9-FD
[NEW] Device 20:16:04:18:56:94 HC-05
[NEW] Device 5C:AC:4C:E4:B4:A0 Dell Wireless 365 Bluetooth Module
[NEW] Device 34:E6:AD:01:5A:F8 IVAN
[NEW] Device A4:5E:60:BC:87:C2 Lluvia
[NEW] Device 80:E6:50:06:2F:7B MacBook Pro de Darius
[NEW] Device E4:F8:9C:19:69:40 RESG
[NEW] Device 28:C2:DD:21:D5:28 OSCAROMAÑA
[NEW] Device 9C:B7:0D:4C:EA:DC ELKIN-PC
[NEW] Device 12:27:07:00:09:24 ILIUM S420
[NEW] Device A4:5E:60:EA:3D:0E Dan Amador
[NEW] Device 34:36:3B:60:81:E9 Jonatan
[NEW] Device 52:57:A0:D5:5F:CC 52-57-A0-D5-5F-CC
[NEW] Device 43:F0:FB:66:86:E3 43-F0-FB-66-86-E3
[NEW] Device EA:A2:C0:D8:0A:0E Kontakt
[NEW] Device F1:C1:83:A4:17:0C Evolutel
[NEW] Device 4F:5E:E1:48:16:5F 4F-5E-E1-48-16-5F
[NEW] Device 62:40:14:83:78:AE 62-40-14-83-78-AE
[NEW] Device 62:D9:82:60:9E:83 62-D9-82-60-9E-83
[NEW] Device 4B:51:23:FE:59:00 4B-51-23-FE-59-00
[NEW] Device 6C:AD:AD:DE:F0:47 6C-AD-AD-DE-F0-47
[NEW] Device 69:A4:03:B7:6C:06 69-A4-03-B7-6C-06
[NEW] Device 5F:56:C1:11:DA:22 5F-56-C1-11-DA-22
[NEW] Device 98:4F:EE:06:1B:99 edison
[NEW] Device 2C:D0:5A:80:7A:44 AARCEMOR-MOBL3
[CHG] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C Discoverable: no
[bluetooth]# pair 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2
Attempting to pair with 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 Connected: yes
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 Modalias: bluetooth:v001Dp1200d1436
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 00001105-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 0000110a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 00001112-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 00001116-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 0000111f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 0000112f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 00001132-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 UUIDs: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 Paired: yes
Pairing successful
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 Connected: no
[bluetooth]# trust 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 Trusted: yes
Changing 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 trust succeeded
[bluetooth]#

systemctl enable bluetooth
rfkill unblock bluetooth
bluetoothctl
agent KeyboardDisplay
default-agent
pair 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2
trust 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2
connect 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2

root@edison:~# git clone https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git
root@edison:~# cd bluez/
root@edison:~/bluez# ls
AUTHORS      Makefile.obexd    android              doc       peripheral
COPYING      Makefile.plugins  attrib               emulator  plugins
COPYING.LIB  Makefile.tools    bootstrap            gdbus     profiles
ChangeLog    NEWS              bootstrap-configure  gobex     src
HACKING      README            btio                 lib       test
INSTALL      TODO              client               monitor   tools
Makefile.am  acinclude.m4      configure.ac         obexd     unit
root@edison:~/bluez# cd test/
root@edison:~/bluez/test# dir
bluezutils.py            pbap-client         test-device
dbusdef.py               sap_client.py       test-discovery
example-advertisement    service-did.xml     test-gatt-profile
example-gatt-client      service-ftp.xml     test-health
example-gatt-server      service-opp.xml     test-health-sink
exchange-business-cards  service-record.dtd  test-heartrate
ftp-client               service-spp.xml     test-hfp
get-managed-objects      simple-agent        test-manager
get-obex-capabilities    simple-endpoint     test-nap
list-devices             simple-obex-agent   test-network
list-folders             simple-player       test-profile
map-client               test-adapter        test-proximity
monitor-bluetooth        test-alert          test-sap-server
opp-client               test-cyclingspeed   test-thermometer
root@edison:~/bluez/test# ./test-profile -u 101 -n edisonSpp -s -P 3 -C 22 serial22

• https://communities.intel.com/message/269607#269607

SPP Rfcomm

root@edison:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth
root@edison:~# bluetoothctl
[NEW] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C edison [default]
[bluetooth]# power on
[bluetooth]# agent on
[bluetooth]# scan on
[bluetooth]# pair <id android device>
[bluetooth]# trust <id android device>
[bluetooth]# connect <id you paired with>
[bluetooth]# exit

root@edison:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth
root@edison:~# hciconfig hci0 up
root@edison:~# bluetoothctl
[NEW] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C MyEdison [default]
[NEW] Device 98:4F:EE:06:1B:99 edison
[NEW] Device 2C:D0:5A:80:7A:44 AARCEMOR-MOBL3
[NEW] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 XT1008
[bluetooth]# discoverable on
Changing discoverable on succeeded
[bluetooth]# discoverable on
Changing discoverable on succeeded
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 Connected: yes
[CHG] Device 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 Connected: no
[bluetooth]# agent on
Agent registered
[bluetooth]# default-agent
Default agent request successful
[bluetooth]# quit
Agent unregistered
[DEL] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C MyEdison [default]
root@edison:~# rfcomm listen hci0 &
[1] 377
root@edison:~# Waiting for connection on channel 1
Connection from 40:78:6A:26:4A:C2 to /dev/rfcomm0
Press CTRL-C for hangup
root@edison:~#

Connect from Android device from BlueTerm application

root@edison:~# cat /dev/rfcomm0

Write data from Android device from BlueTerm application

BlueTooth Headsets

Bluetooth Sound

    root@edison:~# opkg install alsa-utils kernel-module-snd-usb-audio bluez5 gstreamer pulseaudio
    root@edison:~# opkg install kernel-module-ftdi-sio
    root@edison:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth
    root@edison:~# bluetoothctl
    [NEW] Controller 98:4F:EE:04:1A:8C edison [default]
    [bluetooth]# power on
    [bluetooth]# agent on
    [bluetooth]# scan on
    [bluetooth]# pair <id you find>
    [bluetooth]# trust <id>
    [bluetooth]# connect <id you paired with>

Serial Port Profile (SPP)

Libraries

For C Bluetooth Development:

    root@edison:~# sudo apt-get install libbluetooth-dev

For Python Bluetooth Development:

    root@edison:~# sudo apt-get install python-bluez

For Python Bluetooth in Edison (using pip, if for some reason you don't have it, learn How-To Install Pip):

    root@edison:~# pip install pybluez

There are two common ways to test SPP, one is by using D-BUS, the other is by using RFCOMM transport protocol.

To test using D-Bus we can use this python script, copy it to Edison, enable the bluetooth device and run it:

    root@edison:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth
    root@edison:~# python SPP-loopback.py &

Then in an android device install a Bluetooth SPP Manager.

At this point you need to pair the Intel Edison with your android device (see example above on how to use bluetoothctl, hcicontrol or any other user level application in your Edison).

Once paired, open the Bluetooth SPP Manager app, hit search, and when the Intel Edison appears tap on in to connect. now you can send text messages to Edison which can be seen on the terminal window of the Edison.

I know this need a lil' bit further explanation. just dropped here so i won't forget. Also what is going to be added is how to programmatically do the device discovering, pairing and SPP using c and python

Audio

• https://github.com/w4ilun/edison-guides/wiki/Bluetooth-Audio-On-Intel-Edison

• https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/play-audio-from-your-intel-edison-via-bluetooth-using-advanced-audio-distribution-profile?language=fr

• http://www.instructables.com/id/Intel-Edison-pushing-bluetooth-audio/?ALLSTEPS